منابع مشابه
A Study of Winter Thunderstorms in the Hokuriku
For about a century, studies concerning summer thunderstorms in the middle latitude zone have elucidated data on both their meteorological and electrical features. By contrast, winter thunderstorms have been studied only for the last few decades. For both reasons of scientific interest and the practical purpose of preventing serious damage by winter thunderbolts to aircrafts and electric power ...
متن کاملLong‐duration g ray emissions from 2007 and 2008 winter thunderstorms
[1] The Gamma‐Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds (GROWTH) experiment, consisting of two radiation detection subsystems, has been operating since 2006 on the premises of Kashiwazaki‐Kariwa nuclear power plant located at the coastal area of Japan Sea. By February 2010, GROWTH detected seven long‐duration g ray emissions associated with winter thunderstorms. Of them, two events, obtained on 1...
متن کاملConvected Charge in Thunderstorms
The charge transport within thunderclouds by the convective motions of the cloud is examined. I n the presencc of the primary positive dipole, shielding charge distributions are formed within thc lower and upper cloud boundaries as the result of ion conduction from the free air and ion capture by droplets and precipitation in peripheral cloud layers. Cloud droplets positivcly charged by the con...
متن کاملThunderstorms Don’t Get Butterflies
One important limitation on the accuracy of weather forecasts is imposed by unavoidable errors in the specification of the atmosphere’s initial state. Much theoretical concern has been focused on the limits to predictability imposed by small-scale errors, potentially even those on the scale of a butterfly. Very modest errors at much larger scales may nevertheless pose a more important practical...
متن کاملWhistler intensities above thunderstorms
We report a study of penetration of the VLF electromagnetic waves induced by lightning to the ionosphere. We compare the fractional hop whistlers recorded by the ICE experiment onboard the DEMETER satellite with lightning detected by the EUCLID detection network. To identify the fractional hop whistlers, we have developed software for automatic detection of the fractional-hop whistlers in the V...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1915
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/096426c0